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Protest against conscription of yeshiva students
The protest against conscription of yeshiva students was a mass rally held in Jerusalem on March 2, 2014. Its organizers called for a "million-man protest" against a proposed law overturning the exemption from military service for Haredi talmudical students and criminalizing those who refused to enlist in the Israel Defense Forces. From 300,000 to 600,000 people gathered in one of the largest protests in Israeli history.
== Background ==
The protest opposed Israeli military and civil conscription of Orthodox yeshiva students, who have been exempted from military conscription or national service since 1977. A petition led to a 1998 high-court ruling that the Minister of Defense Act was not intended to exempt the Orthodox community on such a large scale, and it was decided that the issue required new legislation from the Knesset.〔(בג"ץ 3267/97 אמנון רובינשטיין ואחרים נ' שר הביטחון ), ניתן ב-9 בדצמבר 1998〕
A public committee, headed by Justice Zvi Tal, was appointed after the 1999 Supreme Court decision. Its findings led to the 2002 deferment for yeshiva students (known as the Tal Ruling), regulating the deferral of yeshiva students with the rationale that their religious studies constitute national service. The ruling, which provided a timeline of five years, was extended an additional five years in 2007. During the summer of 2012, the court ruled that the law was unjust and must expire.〔http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files/07/980/062/n18/07062980.n18.htm בג"ץ 6298/07 רסלר נ' כנסת ישראל (February 21, 2012)〕 With its expiration IDF service is mandatory for all members of the Haredi community, with a penalty (imprisonment for up to five years) for those who refuse to enlist. However, the law is not enforced against members of the Haredi community by authority of the Defense Minister.
After several unsuccessful attempts to draft a new law (such as the Plesner Committee), the Special Committee for the Equal Sharing of the Burden Bill〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/committees/eng/committee_eng.asp?c_id=536 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/committees/eng/CommitteeHistoryByCommittee_eng.asp?com=536 )〕 (also known as the Shaked Committee)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/spokesman/eng/PRList_eng.asp )〕 was formed. During its deliberations (ongoing at the time of the protest) the committee proposed a law establishing annual quotas for the drafting of yeshiva students for military or national service and calling for criminal sanctions against draft evaders if the quotas are not met by mid-2017. The bill would mandate a gradual increase in recruitment levels of yeshiva students. Each year 1,800 promising students would be granted exemptions to continue their studies, and yeshiva students beyond draft age would be allowed to enter the workforce.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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